| Source | Bible | Qur’an, Hadith, Sunnah | Humanist Manifesto I, II & III | Marx, Engels, Lenin, Mao | MacLaine, Spangler, Chopra, Walsch | Nietzsche, Foucault, Derrida, Rorty |
| Theology [Greek: theos (God) + logos (word)]: The study of the existence (or non-existence), nature, and attributes of God. | Trinitarian Monotheism | Monotheism | Atheism | Atheism | Pantheism | Theological Suspicion |
| Philosophy [Greek: philo (love) + sophia (wisdom)]: The love of wisdom; the attempt to discover an explanation for the whole of existence or reality. | Dualism | Dualism | Naturalism & Materialism | Dialectical Materialism | Spiritual Monism | Anti-Realism |
| Ethics [Greek: ethikos (custom)]: The study of conduct, moral values, duties, actions, and ends. | Agape | Divine Command Theory | Moral Relativism or Utilitarianism | Proletariat Morality | Karma | Cultural Relativism |
| Biology [Greek bios (life) + logos (word)]: The study of living organisms. | Special Creation | Special Creation | Neo-Darwinian Evolution | Punctuated Equilibrium | Spiritual Evolution | Anti-Essentialism |
| Psychology [Greek: psyche (soul) + logos (word)]: The study of the soul, mind, and spirit. | Mind/Body Dualism (Fallen) | Mind/Body Dualism (un-fallen) | Mind/Body Monism (Self-Actualization) | Mind/Body Monism (Classical Conditioning) | Mind/Body Monism (Fourth Force) | Decentered Self |
| Sociology [French socio (social, society) + Greek: logos (word)]: The study of social institutions and society. | Sphere Sovereignty | Ummah | Personal Autonomy | Proletariat Society | Collective Consciousness | Social Construction |
| Law [English: lagu (code, rules)]: The study of principles of conduct or procedure which are expected to be observed. | Natural Law | Shariah Law | Legal Positivism | Proletariat Law | Self-Law | Critical Legal Studies |
| Politics [Greek: polis (city)]: The art of governing a city, state, or nation. | Subsidiarity | Islamic Theocracy | Progressivism | Statism | Autarchy | Political Pessimism or Liberalism |
| Economics [Greek: oikos (house) + nomia (rule)]: The rule or management of resources, whether by an individual or a society. | Biblical Stewardship | Shariah Economics | Economic Interventionism | Socialism | Universal Enlightened Production | Economic Interventionism |
| History [Latin: historia (information)]: The study of past places, persons, and events. | Redemptive Narrative | Pan-Islam | Social Progress | Historical Materialism | Evolutionary Godhood | Historical Revisionism |
